The most common 3D printing filament is PLA (polylactic acid), a biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources such as corn starch or sugarcane. PLA is widely used for 3D printing because of its low cost, easy printability, and environmental friendliness. In this article, we will explore the properties, advantages, and disadvantages of PLA, as well as some tips and tricks for using it in your 3D printing projects.
PLA is a thermoplastic, which means it becomes soft and moldable when heated and solidifies when cooled. PLA has a glass transition temperature of about 60°C and a melting temperature of about 180°C. This means that PLA can be printed at relatively low temperatures, typically between 190°C and 230°C, depending on the printer and the filament quality. PLA also has a low shrinkage rate, which reduces the risk of warping and cracking during printing.
PLA is a biodegradable material, which means it can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment under certain conditions. PLA is also compostable under industrial settings, where it can degrade within a few months. However, PLA is not biodegradable or compostable in home or backyard composts, where the temperature and humidity are not high enough to trigger the degradation process. PLA can also be recycled, but it requires a separate stream from other plastics to avoid contamination.
PLA is a stiff and brittle material, which means it has a high tensile strength but a low impact resistance and flexibility. PLA can withstand moderate loads and stresses, but it can crack or snap under sudden or excessive forces. PLA also has a low heat resistance, which means it can deform or melt when exposed to high temperatures, such as sunlight, hot water, or a heated bed.
PLA is one of the most popular 3D printing filaments for several reasons:
PLA is easy to print. PLA has a low printing temperature, a low shrinkage rate, and a good adhesion to the print bed and other layers. PLA does not require a heated bed, although it can improve the print quality and stability. PLA also has a smooth and glossy surface finish, and it can produce fine details and sharp corners.
PLA is cheap. PLA is one of the most affordable 3D printing filaments, with an average price of $20 per kg. PLA is also widely available in various colors, diameters, and brands, giving you plenty of options to choose from.
PLA is eco-friendly. PLA is made from renewable resources, and it can be biodegraded or composted under industrial settings. PLA also emits a pleasant and non-toxic smell when heated, unlike some other filaments that can release harmful fumes.
Disadvantages of PLA
PLA also has some drawbacks that you should be aware of:
PLA is not durable. PLA has a low impact resistance and flexibility, which makes it prone to cracking or breaking under stress. PLA also has a low heat resistance, which makes it unsuitable for applications that require high temperatures or exposure to sunlight. PLA can also degrade over time, losing its color, strength, and shape.
PLA is not compatible. PLA has a different melting point and chemical composition than other plastics, which makes it difficult to mix or bond with them. PLA also has a low resistance to solvents and chemicals, which limits the options for post-processing and finishing.
PLA is not biodegradable. PLA can only be biodegraded or composted under specific conditions, which are not available in most home or backyard composts. PLA can also take a long time to degrade, depending on the environment and the thickness of the material. PLA can also pose a threat to wildlife and marine life if it ends up in the natural environment.
Here are some tips and tricks to help you get the best results from PLA:
Calibrate your printer. Make sure your printer is properly calibrated and leveled, and that your nozzle and extruder are clean and free of clogs. Adjust your printing temperature, speed, and flow rate according to your filament and printer specifications. You can also use a cooling fan to improve the print quality and prevent overheating.
Use a good print bed. PLA can adhere well to most print beds, such as glass, metal, or tape. However, you can also use a glue stick, hairspray, or a specialized adhesive to improve the adhesion and prevent warping. You can also use a heated bed, set to around 50°C to 60°C, to improve the stability and durability of your prints.
Store your filament properly. PLA can absorb moisture from the air, which can affect its printability and quality. PLA can also degrade over time, losing its color, strength, and shape. To prevent these issues, you should store your filament in a cool, dry, and dark place, preferably in a sealed bag with a desiccant.
Conclusion
PLA is the most common 3D printing filament because of its low cost, easy printability, and environmental friendliness. PLA has a high tensile strength, a low shrinkage rate, and a smooth surface finish. However, PLA also has a low impact resistance, a low heat resistance, and a low compatibility with other materials. PLA can also degrade over time, and it is not biodegradable or compostable in most settings. Therefore, PLA is best suited for prototyping, hobby, and decorative projects, rather than functional or durable applications. By following some tips and tricks, you can optimize your PLA printing experience and get the best results possible.
