The short answer is no, it is not safe to breathe near a 3D printer that is printing with plastic. 3D printers can release harmful particles and gases that can affect your health, especially if you are exposed for long periods or in poorly ventilated spaces. In this article, we will explain why 3D printer fumes are dangerous, how to reduce your exposure, and what to do if you experience any symptoms.
3D printer fumes are the airborne substances that are emitted by 3D printers during the printing process. These substances can include very small particles (also known as ultrafine particles or UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). UFPs are tiny solid or liquid droplets that are less than 100 nanometers in diameter, which is about 2,000 times smaller than the average human hair. VOCs are gaseous chemicals that evaporate easily at room temperature, such as acetone, benzene, and formaldehyde.
Both UFPs and VOCs can be harmful to your health if you inhale them. UFPs can penetrate deep into your lungs and bloodstream, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to your cells and organs. VOCs can irritate your eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, and cause headaches, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Some VOCs are also known or suspected to cause cancer, such as styrene, which is commonly used in 3D printing with ABS plastic.
The amount and type of fumes that are released by 3D printers depend on several factors, such as the type of material, the temperature, the printing speed, the printer design, and the ventilation. Generally, 3D printing with ABS plastic produces more UFPs and VOCs than 3D printing with PLA plastic, which is derived from plant sources and considered to be more eco-friendly. However, even PLA can emit some harmful substances, such as lactide, which is a respiratory irritant.
The best way to reduce your exposure to 3D printer fumes is to avoid 3D printing with plastic altogether, and opt for safer alternatives, such as metal, ceramic, or wood. However, if you need to use plastic for your 3D printing projects, there are some steps you can take to minimize the risks:
Choose a well-ventilated space to operate your 3D printer, such as a room with windows, doors, or vents that can provide fresh air. Avoid using your 3D printer in enclosed or crowded spaces, such as your bedroom, living room, or office.
Use a 3D printer that has a built-in filtration system that can remove both UFPs and VOCs from the air. If your 3D printer does not have a filter, you can buy or make one yourself, using activated carbon, HEPA, or electrostatic filters. Make sure to replace or clean the filters regularly, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Use low-emitting materials, such as PLA, PETG, or nylon, instead of high-emitting materials, such as ABS, HIPS, or PVA. You can also look for materials that are certified by third-party organizations, such as UL, Greenguard, or Blue Angel, to meet certain standards for low emissions and safety.
Follow the safety instructions provided by the printer and material manufacturers, such as wearing gloves, goggles, and masks, when handling the materials, and keeping the printer clean and well-maintained.
Limit the duration and frequency of your 3D printing sessions, and take breaks in between to allow the fumes to dissipate. You can also use a timer or an app to remind you when to stop or resume your printing.
Monitor your health and watch out for any signs or symptoms of exposure, such as coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, eye irritation, nosebleeds, headaches, nausea, or fatigue. If you experience any of these, seek medical attention immediately, and inform your doctor that you have been exposed to 3D printer fumes.
3D printer fumes are not safe to breathe, and can cause serious health problems if you are exposed for long periods or in poorly ventilated spaces. To protect yourself and others, you should avoid 3D printing with plastic, or take precautions to reduce your exposure, such as using a filter, a ventilator, low-emitting materials, and personal protective equipment. You should also monitor your health and seek medical help if you notice any adverse effects. By following these tips, you can enjoy 3D printing without compromising your well-being.
