The toxins you can get from a 3D printer depend on the type of filament and resin you use, as well as the ventilation and exposure time. Some of the toxins include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ultrafine particles (UFPs), and bisphenol A (BPA).
3D printing is a popular and versatile technology that allows you to create objects of various shapes and sizes. However, 3D printing also comes with some potential health risks, especially if you do not take proper precautions. In this article, we will explore what toxins you can get from a 3D printer, how they can affect your health, and what you can do to minimize your exposure.
There are two main types of 3D printing technologies: fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). FDM printers work by melting plastic filaments and depositing them layer by layer to form an object. SLA printers work by curing liquid resin with UV light to form an object.
Both types of 3D printers can emit toxins into the air during the printing process. These toxins include:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): These are gaseous substances that can evaporate from the plastic or resin when heated or exposed to light. Some examples of VOCs are acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and styrene. VOCs can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, as well as headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Some VOCs are also known or suspected carcinogens, meaning they can cause cancer.
Ultrafine particles (UFPs): These are tiny solid particles that are smaller than 0.1 micrometers in diameter. They can be released from the plastic or resin when melted or cured. UFPs can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, where they can cause inflammation, oxidative stress, and damage to the cells and organs. UFPs have been linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as neurological disorders.
Bisphenol A (BPA): This is a chemical that is used to make some types of plastic, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC). BPA can leach from the plastic when heated or scratched. BPA can act as an endocrine disruptor, meaning it can interfere with the hormones and reproductive system. BPA has been associated with infertility, obesity, diabetes, and breast and prostate cancer.
The amount and type of toxins you can get from a 3D printer depend on several factors, such as:
The type of filament or resin you use: Different materials have different chemical compositions and melting or curing temperatures, which affect the amount and type of toxins they emit. For example, ABS and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) filaments require higher temperatures to melt than polylactic acid (PLA) or nylon filaments, and therefore produce more VOCs and UFPs. Similarly, some resins contain more VOCs than others, and some may also contain harmful metals or additives.
The ventilation and filtration of the printing area: The toxins from 3D printing can accumulate in the air if the printing area is not well ventilated or filtered. This can increase the concentration and duration of exposure to the toxins, which can increase the health risks. Therefore, it is important to print in a well-ventilated area, preferably with an exhaust fan or a window. You can also use a HEPA filter or an activated carbon filter to capture some of the toxins from the air.
The exposure time and frequency: The longer and more frequently you are exposed to the toxins from 3D printing, the higher the chance of developing health problems. Therefore, it is advisable to limit your printing time and frequency, and to avoid staying in the printing area while the printer is operating. You can also wear personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator, to reduce your exposure.
How to reduce the toxins from 3D printing
To reduce the toxins you can get from a 3D printer, you can follow these tips:
Choose safer materials: Some materials are less toxic than others, and you can choose them based on your printing needs and preferences. For example, PLA and nylon filaments are generally considered safer than ABS and HIPS filaments, as they emit fewer VOCs and UFPs. Similarly, some resins are labeled as low-odor or low-VOC, which means they contain fewer harmful substances. You can also look for materials that are certified by third-party organizations, such as UL or RoHS, which indicate that they meet certain safety standards.
Print in a well-ventilated and filtered area: As mentioned above, ventilation and filtration can help reduce the toxins in the air. You can print in a room with good air circulation, such as near a window or a fan. You can also use an air purifier or a filter to capture some of the toxins. Some 3D printers also have built-in fans or filters that can improve the air quality around the printer.
Limit your exposure time and frequency: You can also reduce the toxins you can get from a 3D printer by limiting how long and how often you print. You can print only when necessary, and avoid printing for long periods of time. You can also leave the printing area while the printer is operating, and wait until the printing is finished and the air is cleared before returning. You can also wear protective gear, such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator, to protect yourself from the toxins.
3D printing is a useful and fun technology, but it can also pose some health risks if you are not careful. The toxins you can get from a 3D printer depend on the type of filament or resin you use, as well as the ventilation and exposure time. Some of the toxins include VOCs, UFPs, and BPA, which can cause various health problems, such as irritation, inflammation, and cancer. To reduce the toxins from 3D printing, you can choose safer materials, print in a well-ventilated and filtered area, and limit your exposure time and frequency. By following these tips, you can enjoy 3D printing without compromising your health.
