If you want to 3D print objects that look and feel like real wood, you need to use wood filament, a special type of 3D printing material that combines PLA with natural wood fibers. In this article, we will explain what wood filament is, how to print with it, and what are the pros and cons of using it.
Wood filament is a composite material that consists of around 70% PLA and 30% wood particles. The wood particles can come from different sources, such as sawdust, cork, or bamboo. The PLA acts as a binder that holds the wood fibers together and makes them printable.
Wood filament is not the same as wood-plastic composites (WPCs), which are used for other applications, such as decking or furniture. WPCs use different thermoplastics and extrusion techniques than wood filament.
Wood filament comes in different shades and colors, depending on the type and amount of wood used. Some wood filaments can also change color depending on the printing temperature, creating a gradient effect. Wood filament can also have different smells, depending on the wood species.
How to Print with Wood Filament?
Wood filament is similar to PLA in terms of printing properties, but it has some nuances that you need to be aware of. Here are some tips and tricks for printing with wood filament:
Use a hardened steel nozzle instead of a brass nozzle. Wood filament is abrasive and can wear out your nozzle over time. A hardened steel nozzle can resist the abrasion and last longer.
Adjust the temperature settings to reduce stringing and improve the print quality. Wood filament typically requires a lower temperature than PLA, around 180-220°C. A higher temperature can cause the wood particles to burn and create smoke and smell. A lower temperature can also reduce the stringing and oozing that wood filament is prone to.
Burn off any excess stringing with a lighter or a heat gun, but be careful not to burn yourself or the model. Wood filament can leave some strings and hairs on your print, especially if you use retraction or Z-hop. You can easily remove them by applying some heat, but be gentle and avoid overheating the model.
Sand the model to smooth out the surface and make it feel more like wood. Wood filament can have a rough texture due to the wood fibers. You can sand the model with different grits of sandpaper to make it smoother and more realistic. You can also use a rotary tool or a dremel for more precision.
Apply wood stain with a sponge to give it some color and depth, and let it dry. Wood filament can have a dull or pale color, depending on the type of wood used. You can enhance the appearance of your model by applying some wood stain, which can also bring out the wood grain and texture. You can use any type of wood stain, such as oil-based, water-based, or gel-based. You can also mix different colors to create your own custom shade. Apply the stain with a sponge or a brush, and wipe off the excess with a cloth. Let the stain dry completely before handling the model.
Wood filament has some advantages and disadvantages that you should consider before using it. Here are some of the pros and cons of wood filament:
Pros:
Wood filament can create beautiful and realistic wood-like models that can be used for decoration, art, or education.
Wood filament is easy to print with, as it has similar settings and behavior as PLA.
Wood filament is biodegradable and eco-friendly, as it is made from renewable and natural materials.
Wood filament can be post-processed and customized with sanding, staining, painting, or carving.
Cons:
Wood filament is brittle and weak, as it has less strength and durability than PLA.
Wood filament is expensive and rare, as it is not widely available and has a higher cost than PLA.
Wood filament is sensitive to moisture and temperature, as it can warp, crack, or degrade if exposed to humidity or heat.
Wood filament is not suitable for functional or mechanical parts, as it cannot withstand stress, friction, or impact.
Conclusion
Wood filament is a unique and versatile 3D printing material that can create stunning and realistic wood-like models. However, it also has some limitations and challenges that you need to be aware of. Wood filament is best suited for aesthetic and artistic purposes, rather than functional or mechanical ones. If you want to try wood filament, make sure you have the right nozzle, temperature, and post-processing tools, and enjoy the natural touch of your 3D prints.
